The links from this page will take you to the PDF versions of the articles from the Third and Fourth Misconceptions Proceedings.

These proceedings were originally published at a time (1993 and 1997) before the PDF became the dominant document format. The proceedings were originally published in the format that made the most logical sense at that time, but which subsequently became unsupported and inaccessible. Now, thanks to support from the Golton/Novak Fund administered by the Cornell University Department of Education, these 268 papers are accessible again.

All known issues have now been fixed. These included graphics displaying smaller than they were supposed to, errant page breaks, tables and figures split across pages, overlapping text and other issues. In some cases, the original software had to be run under Mac OS 9 to be able to fix the problems. In a few cases, the fix has made the paper better than when it was originally released. There are still a small number of graphics that are difficult to read, but these issues existed in the original release.

We are having discussions about where to next take the Meaningful Learning Research Group (originally created as a networking vehicle for Dr. Joseph Novak's graduate students) and the Misconceptions Proceedings. If you would like to be a part of these discussions, please email Robert Abrams at info@mlrg.org.

The Third Misconceptions Proceedings

The Problem of Terminology in the Study of Student Conceptions in Science: A Second Look
Abimbola, Isaac O. & Yarroch, William L.

Concept Maps, Vee Diagrams and Rhetorical Argumentation Analysis (RAA) : Three Educational Theory-based Tools to Facilitate Meaningful Learning
Ahlberg, Mauri

A SURVEY OF THE FINNISH PUPILS' CONCEPTIONS ABOUT THERMAL PHENOMENA
Ahtee, Maija

Teaching Probability to Prospective Elementary Teachers Using a Constructivist Model of Instruction
Alsup, John

The Scientific World of Play and School: Primary Childrens' Uses of Hierarchical Concept Maps
Alvarez, Marino C. & Risko, Victoria J.

THE "LIGHT" AND "DARK" REACTIONS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS - TERMINOLOGY AS A SOURCE OF MISCONCEPTIONS
Amir, Ruth & Tamir, Pinchas

Enlightening Chinese Science Education with American Educational Technology
An, Baosheng; Fu, Wenyu & Tanada, Tony

First steps in the construction of a theoretical model of light: A case study from a primary school classroom
Asoko, Hilary

Promoting Metacognition in Developmental Math Students
Autin, Gwen & Allen, Barbara

Integrating Domains of Physics: Learning Strategies and the Role of Teachers
Bagno, Esther;Eylon, Bat Sheva & Ganiel, Uri

MISCONCEPTIONS OF REVOLUTION IN HISTORY TEXTBOOKS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON MEANINGFUL LEARNING
Baldissera, José Alberto

AIR AS A CONDUCTING MEDIUM IN CHILDREN'S IDEAS ABOUT ACTION AT A DISTANCE
Bar, Varda & Zinn, Barbara

In-service Chemistry Teachers Training: Introducing Computer Technology as a Teaching Aid
Barnea, N. & Dori, Y.J.

Earthquakes Haven't Shaken College Students' Cognitive Structure
Barrow, Lloyd H. & Haskins, Sandra

INTEREST IN PHYSICS, INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGIES AND DEVELOPMENT OF PHYSICS PROBLEM SOLVING ABILITIES IN SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
Bascones, J. L., & Villasmil, R. J.

A Cognitive Analysis of Misconceptions in Year 12 Students' Understanding of Elementary Probabilistic Notions
Baturo, Annette R.

Misunderstandings of Kinematics Graphs
Beichner, Robert J.

Windows into students' thinking: using multimedia to promote meaningful learning in geometrical optics
Bendall, Sharon & Goldberg, Fred

MISCONCEPTIONS OR SOCIAL RECONCEPTUALIZATIONS? - the case of evolutionary biology
Bizzo, Nelio M. V.

Teaching special relativity in high school
Borghi, L.; De Ambrosis, A. & Ghisolfi, E.

MISCONCEPTIONS: A CONCEPTUAL OR METHODOLOGICAL DEFICIENCY? - A Case Study showing a Theory in Action
Braghiroli, Clara

Children's understanding of Earth systems phenomena in Taiwan
Broadstock, Maan Jiang

Student Misconceptions of Ecology: Identification, Analysis and Instructional Design
Brody, Michael

Learning through discussion
Brosnan, Tim; Ogborn, Jon & Hann, Katherine

Analogical Models - Boon or Bane in Science Instruction?
Brown, David E. & Steinberg, Melvin S.

Students' Personal Knowledge of Regulation and Homeostasis: Pioneering in Biology Classrooms
Buddingh, Joop

ADULTS' MISCONCEPTIONS IN ELECTRICITY
Caillot, Michel & Xuan, Anh Nguyen

Enhancing Teacher's Understanding of Student's Science Concepts: The Results from "Misconception" Research on in Service and Preservice Techer Education
CALVO, Carlos A. & COHEN, Michael R.

Seeing is Believing? Students-Functions-Graphing Calculators
Carson, Virginia M. & Gavant, Gail W.

Can a Photograph Have a Misconception?
Carter-Cohn, Karen

A study on the Analysis of Error Patterns and Misconceptions for BASIC Programmings of Novice College Students in Taiwan
Chang, Bor-nian

Learning Physics in the Laboratory
Cheary, Robert; Gosper, Maree; Hazel, Elizabeth & Kirkup, Les

Study of Conceptual Development using "The Four-Wheel Cart and The Little Hill" Unit From The Taiwanese Elementary School Natural Science Reader
Chen, I-Shin

On Meaningful Measurement: Issues of Reliability and Validity from a Humanistic Constructivist Information-Processing Perspective
Cheung, K.C.

Barriers to Conceptual Change in Learning Science Concepts:
Chi, Michelene T.H.

The Role of Anomalous Data in Theory Change: A Cognitive Analysis
Chinn, Clark A.

Student Intuitions of Lines: Exploring their origins, uses, and interactions
Chiu, Ming M.

The Effects of Instructional Strategies on Conceptual Exchange and Differentiation
Cho, Hee-Hyung

Dealing with Students' Preconceptions in Mechanics
Clement, John

A Process Approach in a College Level Physical Science Course
Coleman, Sharon L.

Sources of Misconceptions in Astronomy
Comins, Neil F.

CHILDREN'S CONCEPTIONS OF EQUALS AND ARITHMETIC AND THE NOTION OF NEGATIVE PROCESSING
Cooper, Tom

THE GEOMETRY OF CUBA‚ĚO
Dal Pian, Maria Cristina

Concept Mapping with computer support, laser disc and graphics applied to Microbiology
De Groot, Sally S.

Concept Mapping with computer support, laser disc and graphics applied to Microbiology
De Groot, Sally S.

An Investigation of the Educational Potential of Pupils' Written Questions in Science Teaching
de Jesus, M. Helena T. Pedrosa & Maskill, Roger

The Least-Squares Fitting Method in the Undergraduate Physics Laboratories
de la Torre, F. Cervantes; Chapou, J.L. Fernández; Hernández, R.T. & Vargas, C.A.

Effectiveness of Practical Work in the Remediation of Alternative Conceptions in Mechanics with Students in Botswana
Dekkers, Peter J.J.M. & Thijs, Gerard D.

The Philosophical Requirements to Explain Chemical Change in the Academic Laboratory
DeMeo, Stephen

Modifying Elementary School Teachers' Conceptions of Mathematics and Mathematics Teaching and Learning : A Strategy Based on Conceptual Analysis
Dionne, Jean J.

Methodological misconceptions: na•ve or not interested?
Doig, Brian & Adams, Ray

Error patterns and subtraction knowledge development - a comparison of methods
Dole, Shelley

Using Computer-Based Graphing Methods To Enhance Integrated Science Process Skills
Drahuschak, Joseph M.; Harvey, Francis A.

Research on students' conceptions -- developments and trends
Duit, Reinders

Diagnosing Students' Conceptions Using Portfolio Teaching Strategies: The Case of Flotation and Buoyancy
Duschl, Richard A. & Gitomer, Drew H.

Children's Constructions of Fractions and their Implications for Classroom Instruction
D'Ambrosio, Beatriz & Mewborn, Denise Spangler

THE USE OF HYPERCARD IN DEVELOPING COMMON KNOWLEDGE: AN EXAMPLE IN CHEMISTRY
Ebenezer, Jazlin V.

An Instructionally Oriented Model for Enabling Conceptual Development
Ebert, Christine & Ebert, Edward S. II

SYSTEMATIZATION AS A BASIC PROCEDURE FOR LEARNING THE CHEMICAL CONCEPT OF SOLUTION.
Echeverria, Agustina

Development of Alternative Conceptions of Motion: A Comparison of Pupils' Responses in Three Countries
Eckstein,Shulamith Graus; Kozhevnikov, Maria & Lesman, Tehila

A study of seventh grade students' explanations of phenomena in an enquiry oriented biology laboratory.
Eilam, Billie

Metacognitive Monitoring of Mathematical Concepts Through Children's Writing in School Mathematics
Ellerton, Nerida F. & Clements, M. A. (Ken)

SOURCES OF MISCONCEPTIONS: THE CASE OF POWERS AND RADICALS
FARAH-SARKIS, FAIROUZ

Microcomputer-Based Laboratories in Elementary Science: Young Children's Conceptions of the Tool and the Task
Farr, Pamela L.

A Connectionist Approach to Information Transfer Between Short-Term and Long-Term Memory: Suggestions For Instruction, Counselling and Research
Farrokh, Kaveh

An Exploration Into the Educational Applications of Concept-Mapping with the Aid of Virtual Reality Technology
Farrokh, Kaveh

SEARCH FOR MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF SCIENCE EDUCATION
Ferbar, Janez

HEMISPHERES RELATION FOR BOTTOM-UP AND TOP-DOWN CONCEPT-MAPS CONSTRUCTION
Fidelman, Uri & Thimor, Jacob

Learning in Science as Affected by Perceptions of the Nature and Functions of Models
Finegold, M. & Smit, J.J.A.

Misconceptions as indispensable steps toward an adequate understanding of physics
Fischer, Hans E. & Breuer, Elmar

Acquiring Concepts about the Structure and Behaviour of Air: Productive Process or Undesirable Outcome?
Fleming, Keith & McPhan, Gregory

PARTIALLY POSSIBLE MODELS ON THE CONCEPTS OF FLOTATION AND PRESSURE
Flores, F.; Gallegos, L.; Covarrubias, H.; Vega, E.; Rosas, M.; García, B.; Alvarez, M.A.; de León, S. Díaz; Lizárraga, P. & Meza, A.

SCHEMATIC MODEL FOR CATEGORIZING CHILDREN'S ERRORS IN MATHEMATICS
Fong, Ho-Kheong

Changing Teacher Verbal Behavior
Fonseca, Jesuina M.B. & Conboy, Joseph E.

The Application of "Misconception" Research Experiences in Teacher Education: Integrating Misconception Research into the Classroom
Furuness, Linda K.B.

A Study on the Teaching Strategy of Force and Motion: A method of exchanging the students' misconceptions with scientific knowledge
Furuya, Koichi

The Influence of Microcomputer-Based Labs on Childrens' Conceptions of Temperature and Temperature Change
Gale, Charles I.

Perplexity of the FIELD concept in teaching-learning aspect
Galili, Igal

Weight and Gravitation are Different Concepts
Galili, Igal

Analysing verbal interaction between teacher and pupils on tenth grade physics classroom.
Garrido, Elsa & de Carvalho, Anna Maria Pessoa

Explicit Signaling of Causal Relationships: A Text-Based Organizational Strategy to Help Elementary Teachers Understand Science Demonstrations
Gates, Rosalyn H.

Using Multiple Representations of Ethnographic Data to Integrate Interdisciplinary Research Perspectives
Gay, Geri & Mazur, Joan

CONCEPT-RELATIONSHIP KNOWLEDGE STRUCTURES: APPLICATIONS IN EDUCATION
Geldenhuys, A E & van Rooyen, H O

Students' Misconceptions in Biological Subject Areas and Consequences in teaching Biology
Gerhardt, Almut; Piepenbrock, Christiane & Rusche, Gabriele

Different uses of learners conceptions from constructivist models to the allosteric model
Giordan, André

DIAGNOSIS OF ALTERNATIVE CONCEPTIONS IN SCIENCE IN SPANISH PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
González, Fermín Mª.

Reforming the Physics Laboratory: From Theory to Practice.
Gosper, Maree; Cheary, Robert; Hazel, Elizabeth & Kirkup, Les

Experiences With Student Growth From Fatalism to Natural Law Concepts in High School Science Courses
Greenberg, Jon

COGNITIVE ABILITIES, PSYCHOLOGICAL MOTIVES, AND SOCIAL INTERACTIONS AS COMPONENTS OF LONG-TERM LEARNING IN BASIC ELECTRICITY
Grob, Karl; Rhöneck, Christoph v.; Schnaitmann, Gerhard W. & Völker, Bruno

BASIC CONCEPTS OF MECHANICS, ALTERNATE CONCEPTIONS AND COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Gómez, Plácido & Caraballo, José N.

Evolutionary Reasoning in Answers to Two Questions Used to Measure the Development of University Students' Understanding of Evolutionary Theory
Halldén, Ola; Hansson, Gunnar & Skoog, Gunnel

A "Peer Interview About Complex Events" Method as Used in an Investigation of Students' Preinstructional Knowledge of Mechanics
Hamilton, David J.

WRITING TO LEARN STATISTICS: MAINTAINING LEARNING JOURNALS IN ORDER TO IDENTIFY AND ADDRESS UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS' MISCONCEPTIONS
Hammett, John E. III

Going Beyond the Written Word - what performance assessment can tell us about concept understanding
Harmon, Maryellen

Pupils' Understanding of Ecological Processes and Their Conceptions of Matter
Helldén, Gustav

Students' Understanding of the Concept of "Current": Language, Models, Definitions
Helm, H. & Jiya, Z.

Changing learners' understandings using a computer-augmented curriculum for mechanics
Hennessy, S.; Twigger, D.; Driver, R.; O'Shea, T.; O'Malley, C.E.; Byard, M.; Draper, S.; Hartley, R.; Mohamed, R. & Scanlon, E.

DEVELOPMENT OF A DIAGNOSTIC TEST TO DETECT MISCONCEPTIONS IN MENDELIAN GENETICS AND MEIOSIS
Hernández, Virginia & Caraballo, José N.

Where's the Student in Project DISTIL?
Hewson, Peter W.; Lyons, Lyman; Freitag, Patricia K. & Hollon, Robert E.

Promoting self-control of mathematics learning for pre-service primary teachers
Hill, Lola

An Evaluation of Instructional Interventions to Eradicate the Misconception of Representativeness
Hirsch, Linda S. & O'Donnell, Angela

On Some Problems of How Learners' Knowledge is Interconnected in the Understanding of Scientific Concepts: A case study of the concept of "weight" and its related matters
Hori, Tetsuo

A Vygotskian Perspective on Teaching for Conceptual Change
Howe, Ann C.

Case Study of a Sixth Grade Class: Attitudes and Conceptions of the Marine Environment
Howick, Thomas S.

Improving Genetics Instruction in Junior High Schools in the Republic of China
Huang, Iris Tai-chu; Chen, Shih-nuan; Lin, Ming-huei; Su, Yi-sheng & Chang, Hsueh-wen

Misconceptions of High School Students when Learning Genetics in the Republic of China
Huang, Iris Tai-chu; Huang, Kun-Huei & Liu, Chung-wen

Misconception in Learning Differentiation
Ismail, Zaleha

THE USE OF THEORETICAL MODELS IN SCIENCE TEACHING - THE 'PARADIGMATIC FACTS'
Izquierdo, M. & Márquez, C.

Elaboration of Instruments to Assist Dialogue between the Teacher and the Pupil
Izquierdo, M.; Sanmartí, N. & Casadellà. J.

MISCONCEPTIONS ON HEAT AND TEMPERATURE
Jara-Guerrero, Salvador

Drawing and Slicing Cells
Jiménez-Aleixandre, M.P. & Díaz-Bustamante, J.

Some difficulties of students with the translation of word statements into mathematical symbol language and with manipulation of mathematical relationships
Jiya, Z.

Changes In The Structure of Pedagogical Knowledge in Mathematics and Science Preservice Teachers
Jones, M. Gail & Vesilind, Elizabeth

TEACHING EXPERIMENT METHODOLOGY in the Study of Electricity Concepts
Katu, Nggandi; Lunetta, Vincent N. & van den Berg, Euwe

SCIENTIFIC MISCONCEPTIONS AND CARTOONS: ESTABLISHING A CAUSE AND EFFECT RELATIONSHIP
Kermis, Wm. J.

THE CLASSROOM TEACHER AS RESEARCHER OF CHILDREN'S SCIENCE LEARNING
Kerr, Patricia

The Role of Research on "Misconceptions and Educational Strategies" in Developing Benchmarks for Science Literacy
Kesidou, Sofia

Concept Mapping as a Strategy for Teaching and Developing the Caribbean Examinations Council (CXC) Mathematics Curriculum in a Secondary School.
Khan, Kenneth M.

Assessing Understanding of Biological Processes: Elucidating Students' Models of Meiosis
Kindfield, Ann C. H.

Children's Misconceptions and Cognitive Strategies Regarding the Understanding of the Ozone Layer Depletion
Koulaidis, Vasilis & Christidou, Ilia

GYROSCOPE: ALTERNATIVE CONCEPTIONS FROM UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Krapas-Teixeira, Sonia & Queiroz, Gloria

Childrens Reasoning about Vector-Problems
Lamsfuss, Sabina

FEELINGS OR METACOGNITION IN ECOLOGY
Larose, Réal & Girault, Yves

Experimental Approach in Physics Teaching - Computer as a Tool in Interaction with Nature
Lavonen, Jari

Children's ideas about the nature of science from age 9 to age 16
Leach, John; Driver, Rosalind; Millar, Robin & Scott, Phil

Strategies for improving metacognition when solving problems in physics
Leon, Pilar

The Effects of a Constructivist Method of Instruction in General Chemistry Laboratory on College Students' Achievement and Conceptual Change
Lewicki, Daniel

CHARACTERIZATION OF MEANINGFUL LEARNING: CONCEPTUAL CHANGE OR CONTEXTUAL APPRECIATION?
Linder, Cedric J.

The Validity and Reliability of Concept Mapping as an Alternative Science Assessment
Liu, Xiufeng & Hinchey, Michael

Assessing Conceptual Understanding in Science through the Use of Two- and Three Dimensional Concept Maps
Lomask, Michal S.; Baron, Joan B. & Grieg, Jeffrey

Changing Student's Conceptions about Non-conservation of Volume in Solutions
Lorenzo-Barral, Francisco M. & Mendoza-Rodriguez, José

SPATIAL AND LOGICAL MISCONCEPTIONS IN LOGO SESSIONS : a comparison of normal and handicapped subjects' strategies
Lowenthal, F.

TEACHING PRACTICAL NUCLEAR PHYSICS: A REGIONAL EXPERIENCE
Madariaga, B. Fuentes; Alvarado, R. Ortega & Vargas, C. A.

The Development of Earth Concepts
Maria, Katherine

The Structure and Use of Biological Knowledge about Mammals in Novice and Experienced Students
Markham, Kimberly M.; Mintzes, Joel J. & Jones, M. Gail

Pre-Conceptions in Action in the Construction
Martins, Isabel

Making the Invisible Visible: A Constructivist Approach to the Experimental Teaching of Energy Changes in Chemical Systems
Martins, Isabel P. & Cachapuz, A.

What is the nature of the understanding of the concept of 'wave-particle duality' among pre-university Physics students?
Mashhadi, Azam

Narrowing the Gap Between Doing Mathematics In and Out of School: Suggestions for Teaching
Masingila, Joanna O.

GENDER DIFFERENCES IN PREFERENCE OF SCIENTIFIC AREAS - A CASE STUDY OF A MIDDLE EASTERS SOCIETY
Matar, Fatima K.

Spontaneous reasoning on the propagation of sound.
Maurines, L.

PERSISTENT INCONSISTENCIES IN TEXTBOOK MECHANICS
McClelland, J. A. G.

Teaching, Learning and the Process of Science: Some Misconceptions
Mermelstein, Egon & Young, Kiang Chuen

Parental Involvement in mathematics : the home as a social factor.
Merttens, Ruth & Morgan, Ceri

How, How Often, and Under What Conditions Misconceptions are Developed: The case of Linear Graphs
Mevarech, Zemira R. & Kramarsky, Bracha

Use of a Computer Simulation to Assist Students in Learning Relative Motion Concepts
Monaghan, James M. & Clement, John

Insight as the Basis for a Functional Typology of Misconceptions
Moody, David E.

Model Statements of Student Conceptions Regarding Evolutionary Change
Moody, David E.

Metacognitive Learning and Related Topics - Plenary Session
Moreira, Marco A.

Concept Mapping in 7th Grade Mathematics: An Exploratory Study
Moreira, Marco Antonio & Motta, Ana Maria Barbosa

STUDENTS' MISCONCEPTIONS OF TIME/RELATIVITY IN LANGUAGE LEARNING
Moreira, Marli Merker

STUDYING CONCEPTUAL EVOLUTION IN THE CLASSROOM AS CONCEPTUAL PROFILE CHANGE
MORTIMER, EDUARDO FLEURY

Transitional Conceptions: An Alternative Perspective of Students' Conceptions and Their Role in Instruction
Moschkovich, Judit

self-portrait : a tool for understanding of teaching mathematics
Mukhopadhyay, Swapna

Integrating Math and Science Instruction: Developmental Considerations
Murphy, Nancy

Students' Models of Matter in the Context of Acid-Base Chemistry
Nakhleh, Mary B.

Students Misconceptions and Errors in Solving Algebra Word Problems Related to Misconceptions in the Field of Science
Nasser, Ramzi & Carifio, James

A View on the Current Status of Ausubel's Assimilation Theory of Learning
Novak, Joseph D.

Meaningful Learning: The Essential Factor for Conceptual Change in Limited or Inappropriate Propositional Hierarchies (LIPHs) Leading to Empowerment of Learners
Novak, Joseph D.

Teaching about Vacuum and Particles, Why, When, and How: A research report
Nussbaum, Joseph

INTRODUCTION OF CONSTRUCTIVIST APPROACH INTO SCIENCE EDUCATION IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN SLOVENIA
Oblak, Seta

Freshman Biology Non-Majors Misconceptions about Diffusion and Osmosis
Odom, Arthur Louis & Barrow, Lloyd H.

Beyond Constructivism
Osborne, Jonathan

Conceptualizing Chromatography : Student Misconceptions Revealed by Analysis of Responses to Second International Science Study Process Testing at Grade 9 Level in USA
O'Rafferty, Maureen H.

Concept Maps and Interactive Video
Patricia Lucido

CONCEPT MAPPING AND GOWIN'S CATEGORIES AS HEURISTICS DEVICES, IN SCIENTIFIC READING OF HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
Peled, L.; Barenholz, H. & Tamir, P.

Misconceptions, Attitudes and Teacher Preparation
Philippou, George

Implementing Conceptual Change in Classrooms - Plenary Session
Posner, George & Bloom, Jeffrey

Consistency in pupils« explanations about combustion.
Prieto, Teresa; Watson, J. Rod & Dillon, Justin

The Chemistry Textbooks used by Ninth-Grade Venezuelan Students as Possible Sources of Misconceptions About The Structure of Matter
Pujol, Rafael

FROM THE PRECESSION OF THE EQUINOXES TO THE GYROSCOPE DYNAMICS: A PATH THROUGH HISTORY
Queiroz, Gloria & Krapas Teixeira, Sonia

A Model-Centered Curriculum for Model-Based Reasoning in Science
Raghavan, Kalyani; Kesidou, Sofia & Sartoris, Mary

EXPERT SYSTEM AND PROBLEM SOLVING PATTERNS IN FREELY FALLING BODIES
RODRIGUEZ, SOCORRO M. & TALISAYON, VIVIEN M.

Promoting students' conceptual development on toxicity
Roebertsen, Herma; Voogt, Peter & Waarlo, Arend Jan

TEACHERS CONCEPTIONS ABOUT THEIR MEDIATION ROLE AT THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE ATOM CONCEPT
Romanelli, Lilavate

MISCONCEPTIONS IN MATHEMATICS AT UNDERGRADUATE LEVEL
Ruberu, Jathiratne

Constructivist Research, Curriculum Development and Practice in Primary Classrooms: Reflections on Five Years of Activity in the Science Processes and Concept Exploration (SPACE) Project
Russell, Terry & Osborne, Jonathan

MISCONCEPTIONS IN LEARNING TO TEACH SCIENCE: STUDENT TEACHERS' STORIES OF UNFULFILLED EXPECTATIONS
Russell, Tom

Tried by Words: Verbal Misunderstandings in Science Teaching
Rutherford, Margaret

Teachers' Misconceptions of their Students' Learning
Sadler, Philip M.

WHAT CHILDREN KNOW ABOUT METASCIENCE
Samarapungavan, Ala

STRATEGIES PROMOTING SELF-REGULATION IN SCIENCE LEARNING
Sanmartí, N. & Jorba, J.

HISTORICAL AND CONCEPTUAL ANALYSIS AS FOUNDATIONS FOR CURRICULUM: MULTIPLICATIVE STRUCTURE AS A CASE
Schmittau, Jean

The Origin of Earth and Space Science Misconceptions: A Survey of Pre-Service Elementary Teachers
Schoon, Kenneth J.

PARADOXES OF "CONSTRUCTIVIST TEACHING" AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR TEACHER EDUCATION
Schultz, Klaus

Difficult to Change Knowledge: Explanations and Interventions
Schumacher, Gary M.; Tice, Susan; Looi, Pi Wen; Stein, Sharon; Joyner, Cynthia & Jolton, Jeffrey

Overtures and Obstacles: Teaching and Learning about Air Pressure in a High School Classroom
Scott, Philip H.

COGNITIVE MEDIATORS AND INTERPRETATIONS OF ELECTRIC CIRCUITS
Sebastià, José M.

Overcoming Misconceptions by Challenging Text-book Orthodoxy
Sefton, Ian M.

THE PUPIL AS A REFLECTIVE THINKER: A STUDY IN THE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
Sequeira, Manuel & da Conceição Duarte, Maria

AN ANALYSIS OF THE CONSISTENCY OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS' ALTERNATIVE CONCEPTIONS WITH THE COMMON SENSE THEORY OF MOTION
Sequeira, Manuel & Leite, Laurinda

Misconceptions in Learning Mathematics
Seshan, V.

Microcomputer Based Labs and their Influence upon Students' Conceptions of Light
Settlage, John Jr.

A Study of Changes in Student Teacher Ideas About the Nature of Science During Participation in Independent Research Projects
Shapiro, Bonnie L. & Gauthier-Morrell, Louise

The Effect of Astronomy Teaching Experience on the Astronomy Interest and Conceptions of Elementary School Teachers
Shore, Linda S. & Kilburn, Robert

FOCUS ON CHILDREN'S IDEAS ABOUT SCIENCE - An Integrated Program of Instructional Planning and Teacher Enhancement from the Constructivist Perspective
Shymansky, James & Matthews. Charles

USING CHILDREN'S LITERATURE TO ACCESS AND CHALLENGE YOUNG CHILDREN'S IDEAS ABOUT SCIENCE
Shymansky, James A. & Dunkhase, John A.

Empowering the Learning of Chemistry Through Curriculum Development: Implications of Misconceptions Research for NSTA's Project on Scope, Sequence & Coordination of Secondary School Science Grades 6-12
Singh, Sukhwindar P. & Haas, Mary E.

A CONCEPTUAL CHANGE MODEL IMPLEMENTED WITH COLLEGE STUDENTS: DISTRIBUTIVE LAW MISCONCEPTIONS
Skane, Marie E. and Graeber, Anna O.

The Development and Validation of a Categorization of Sources of Misconceptions in Chemistry
Skelly, Kathleen M.

Curricular Construction with Vee Heuristics: Linking Scientific Theory and Skill Performance
Smith, Blenda E.

Students' Learning about the Nature of Science
Solomon, Joan; Duveen, Jon & Scott, Linda

WHAT IS CONSERVED IN A CHEMICAL CHANGE? OPINIONS OF SECONDARY SCHOOL PUPILS.
Solsona, Nśria & Izquierdo, MercŹ

Understanding Cellular Respiration
Songer, Catherine J. & Mintzes, Joel J.

Some Sources of Students' Misconceptions in Biology: A Review
Soyibo, Kola

MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT SCIENCE EDUCATION REFORM
Speece, Susan P.

The Influence of Visual Cues in Interpreting 3-D Diagrams
Sproule, S.L.

Misconceptions in Photosynthesis: the Use of Novel Database Software
Squires, David

Multiculturalism, Universalism, and Science Education
Stanley, William B. & Brickhouse, Nancy W.

Intuitive Rules in Mathematics and Science: The Case of "More of A-More of B"
Stavy, Ruth & Tirosh, Dina

Barriers which may keep teachers from implementing what we know about identifying and dealing with students' science and mathematics misconceptions
Stepans, Joseph I. & Saigo, Barbara W.

Contextual Settings, Verbal Argumentations, and Science Stories: Toward a more Humanistic Science Education
Stinner, Arthur

Conceptual Change Approaches to Teacher Education
Stoddart, Trish

Some Misconceptions of High School Students about "Necessary and Sufficient Conditions"
Stupp, Jonathan

Perceptions of Tenth Grade Students Concerning Science Instruction in a Contextual Rich Environment and the Relationship of the Instruction to their Career Choice
Sutphin, Dean

CHILDREN'S ALTERNATIVE PROCEDURAL FRAMEWORKS: their possible origins, and their influence on performance
SWATTON, PETER

A Review of Misconceptions of Electricity and Electrical circuits.
Tallant, David P.

Science and the Teaching of Values - What Image of Science Does It Lead To?
Tan, Sok Khim

Designing Computer Exploratory Software for Science and Mathematics
Teodoro, Vitor Duarte

CULTURAL FACTORS IN THE ORIGIN AND REMEDIATION OF ALTERNATIVE CONCEPTIONS
Thijs, Gerard D. & van den Berg, Ed

AN ATTEMPT TO OVERCOME ALTERNATIVE CONCEPTIONS RELATED TO HEAT AND TEMPERATURE
Thomaz, Marília F.; Malaquias, I. M.; Valente, M. C. & Antunes, M.J.

Physics Knowledge and Real-World Knowledge: An Underdeveloped Link
Touger, Jerold

Helping Middle School Students to learn the Kinetic Particle Model
Tveita, Johs

Children's construction of Explanations in Science
Tytler, Russell

Spontaneous reasoning of secondary school teachers about the relativity of mechanical magnitudes
Valadares, Jorge

Electricity at Home: Remediating alternative conceptions through redefining goals and concept sequences and using auxiliary concepts and analogies in 9th grade electricity education
van den Berg, Ed & Grosheide, Wim

Relation between Teacher and Student Questioning during Conversations about the Moon
van Zee, Emily H.; Wild, Judy & Flanagan, Peri

MISCONCEPTIONS IN SPACE - TIME GRAPHS
Vandeputte, C.

THE INTUITION OF THE PRODUCT
Verstappen, Piet

The Teaching and Learning of the Force Concept in Engineering Education
Viiri, Jouni

Mind Fields: Negotiating Shared Meanings via Concept Maps
von Minden, Avril M. & Nardi, Anne H.

META-ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CONCEPT MAPPING AS A LEARNING STRATEGY IN SCIENCE EDUCATION
Vázquez, Olga V. & Caraballo, José N.

The Lexical Analysis of Students' "Scientific" Explanations: Implications for Learning Theory
Wandersee, James H.

The Value of Good "Wrong" Answers
Weck, Margaret A.

CARIBBEAN HIGH SCHOOL STUDENT'S CONCEPTIONS OF THE KINETIC MODEL OF MATTER
Whiteley, Peter

The Predictive Validity Of Concept-Mapping: Relationships To Measures Of Achievement
Wilson, Janice M.

Understanding Conceptual Change Teaching Through Case Studies of Students' Learning
Woods, Robin & Thorley, Richard

MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT CELLS
Zamora, M.C. Silvia E. & de las Ciencias, Biol. María Guerra. Museo

COMBINING QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH METHODS IN TUTORING EXPERIMENTS
Zietsman, Aletta & Clement, John

The Fourth Misconceptions Proceedings

Mind-mapping Constructive Math and Science Activities for Planning and Evaluation in Early Childhood Education
Ainsa, Patricia A.

Thinking About Learning
Alvarez, Marino C.

Implications For Teaching Derived From A Constructivist-Based Model Of Learning In Science Classes
Appleton, Ken

Adolescents' Ideas About Provisional Historical Explanation
Barca, Isabel

Conceptual Change Teaching And Learning: An Instructional Approach That Supports Metacognition
Beeth, Michael E.

Is There a Need To Go Beyond Sense Making? A Metareflection
Broadway, Francis S.

Metacognitive Skills Applied to Planning Environmental Curriculum in a Designated Ecological Emergency Zone; Niznhii Tagil, Russia
Brody, Michael

Understandings Through Literacy: Using The National Standards To Examine Science And Mathematics Education
Champagne, Audrey B.; Kouba, Vicky L. & Hurley, Marlene M.

Teaching For Understanding, Part II: Graphical Representations Of Dissonance And Conceptual Change
Clement, John & Rea-Ramirez, Mary Anne

Science Education and HConstructivism
Ellett, Frederick S. Jr.; Allison, Derek J. & Ericson, David P.

An Exploration Of Students' Traditional Practices And Beliefs In Aspects Of Health And Nutrition
Herbert, Susan

The Development and Validation of A Taxonomy of Calculus I Students' Misconceptions Regarding the Derivative and Applications of the Derivative
Kelley, Maureen & Carifio, James

A Case Study of the Effects of a Constructivist Method of Instruction in General Chemistry Laboratory on Conceptual Change and Knowledge Construction among College Students
Lewicki, Daniel

Investigations in Geometric Thinking: Young Children Learning with Technology
Masters, Jenny

Constructivism: What It Is And Is Not
McAvoy, Rogers & Paparozzi, Christina

Pairing and Compiling Discrepant Events to Help Generate Understanding of Kinetic Molecular Theory
McGoey, Jon P.

Second Teaching: A Vygotskiian Approach to Constructing Understanding in Physics Learning
Novemsky, Lisa; Gautreau, Ronald & Pallrand, George

Nurturing scientific understanding in a multicultural classroom: observations of interactions
Orquiza de Carvalho, Lizete M.; Carvalho, Washington; Alvarado, Tawny & Gallagher, James

Teaching For Understanding, Part I: Concepts of Conceptual Change and Dissonance
Rea-Ramirez, Mary Anne & Clement, John

Conceptual Models Of Human Respiration And Alternative Conceptions [That Present Possible Impediments To Students' Understanding]
Rea-Ramirez, Mary Anne & Clement, John

Implications Of An Instructional Strategy Emphasizing Structured Conceptual Knowledge -- Addressing Causes Of Learning Problems In Undergraduate Science
Romance, Nancy R. & Vitale, Michael R.

Self-Efficacy of Preservice Elementary Teachers and Alternative Conceptions of Science
Schoon, Kenneth J. & Boone, William J.

Constructive Model Evolution in the Study of Electric Circuits
Steinberg, Melvin S. & Clement, John J.

Domain-Specific Inquiry Support: Permeating Discussions with Scientific Conceptions
Tabak, Iris & Reiser, Brian J.

The Interplay between Scientific Epistemological Beliefs and Preferences for Constructivist Learning Environments of Taiwanese Eighth Graders
Tsai, Chin-Chung

Constructivistic teaching methods helping students to develop particle models in science
Tveita, Johs

Constructivism in health education programs
Urbanowski, Reg

Cartographies of Cognition: Charting the Links Between Mathematics Content and Pedagogy Concepts
von Minden, Avril M.; Walls, Richard T. & Nardi, Anne H.

So, what is momentum? One Teacher's Attempt to Understand Student Knowledge Construction in Physics
Wessel, Warren E.

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